鉛玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)組成(cheng)(cheng)式為(wei):RmOn-PbO-SiO2(B2O3).式中(zhong)SiO2(B2O3),即氧化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(氧化(hua)(hua)硼),稱網(wang)絡形成(cheng)(cheng)物(wu),是構成(cheng)(cheng)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)網(wang)絡結構的(de)基(ji)本單元.RmOn,代(dai)表堿、堿土、稀土金(jin)屬的(de)金(jin)屬氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu),是使(shi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)網(wang)絡結構發生變(bian)化(hua)(hua)、達到調整特性(xing)(xing)的(de)網(wang)絡修改物(wu).PbO,即氧化(hua)(hua)鉛,為(wei)特征(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)分,賦予玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)基(ji)本特性(xing)(xing).隨PbO含量的(de)增(zeng)加(jia),玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)密(mi)度(du)、折(zhe)射率、色(se)散(san)、介電常(chang)數、對(dui)X射線和γ射線吸收系數等性(xing)(xing)能指標值(zhi)增(zeng)加(jia);其硬度(du)、高溫(wen)(wen)粘度(du)、軟化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、化(hua)(hua)學穩定性(xing)(xing)等指標值(zhi)降(jiang)低;致使(shi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)型料性(xing)(xing)變(bian)長、著色(se)劑色(se)彩鮮艷、表面光澤增(zeng)加(jia)、鉛玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)敲擊聲清(qing)脆.

　　中國(guo)早在戰國(guo)時(shi)期即有(you)鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)制(zhi)品.17世(shi)紀后(hou)半葉(xie),英國(guo)制(zhi)出鉛(qian)(qian)晶質玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)藝術器皿.后(hou)來廣泛(fan)用于制(zhi)造光學儀(yi)器、藝術器皿等.鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)在醫學領(ling)域又稱醫用X射(she)線(xian)防(fang)輻射(she)鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)板,鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)主要(yao)分為國(guo)產鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)和進口鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li),主要(yao)用作(zuo)診斷X射(she)線(xian)鉛(qian)(qian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)組成機房、CT、ECT、PET、CT-PET等機房以及(ji)(ji)X射(she)線(xian)攝(she)影防(fang)護(hu)室、防(fang)護(hu)門防(fang)護(hu)屏(ping)上的(de)觀察窗,以及(ji)(ji)核(he)醫學用操作(zuo)防(fang)護(hu)屏(ping)等.所(suo)需厚(hou)度可根據計算確(que)定.

鉛(qian)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)用于制造光學玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、電真空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、低溫封接玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、防輻(fu)射(she)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、鉛(qian)晶質玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、火石類光學玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、低熔玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、延遲線玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、高折(zhe)射(she)微珠玻(bo)璃(li)(li)及藝術器皿玻(bo)璃(li)(li)等.